A Light Emitting Diode (LED) is a semiconductor electronic component capable of emitting light. It consists of a composite light source made from trivalent and pentavalent elements. LEDs conduct electricity in only one direction, known as forward bias. When current flows through the LED, electrons and holes recombine within it, emitting monochromatic light—this is called the electroluminescent effect. The wavelength and color of the light depend on the type of semiconductor material and the intentionally added impurities. LEDs have advantages over traditional light sources, including high efficiency, long lifespan, durability, fast response time, and high reliability. Applications include remote controls for household appliances like televisions and video recorders, traffic and road signal lights, and LED lighting.